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Leases are however often short and non-transferable.Among its 1. It has also stopped issuing new licences for such short-term lets.New YorkLawmakers in New York state last Friday (June 14) passed a bill aimed at protecting lower-income families from skyrocketing rents. But conditions for subletting are limited to military service or a foreign posting.ViennaThe Austrian city boasts the title of the "capital with the most affordable housing" thanks to its large social property stock.A holder of such a lease can keep it for life and even exchange it for another apartment. Here is an overview of some of them.The authorities have also hired people to comb through Airbnb ads to identify those who fall foul of the law.Other capitals have taken different approaches.The limit comes on top of another measure in place for several years that restricts sharp rent hikes when apartments change hands between tenants.ParisThe French capital will start applying a rent cap from July 1, bringing back a measure that had already been deployed between 2015 and 2017.Since 1994, about 300,000 rent-controlled apartments have vanished in the city of New York alone, according to official figures.To obtain one of these apartments, those interested have to join a queue with a waiting list of as long as 20 years, or win a draw much like a lottery.As such apartments can be passed on to family members, critics say the cap fails to take into account changes in revenues or family structures.The new law eliminates rules that allowed building owners to increase the rent when an apartment changed hands.The new law should directly affect about 2.5 million, who live in close to one million rent-controlled apartments.4 million New Yorkers, out of a population of roughly 8.In a bid to ward off pressure put on housing by Airbnb, the city is also seeking to ban such short-term lets in the city centre.

The city keeps the qualifying cap for social housing high -- 3,317 euros ($3,72 on a 14-month basis for an individual and 6,245 euros for a family of four, meaning such property remains within reach for middle-class families.It will also prevent new tenants from being charged for extensive renovations via increased rents, and help keep owners from reducing the number of rent-controlled apartments.StockholmRentals in the Swedish capital are tightly regulated, with 44 percent let out by institutions or private individuals.Berlin has become the latest anti-gentrification battleground, with authorities poised Tuesday to freeze rents for five years in a bid to halt skyrocketing costs..BarcelonaRentals have shot up by 35 percent since 2010 partly due to the proliferation of the lucrative holiday let apartments driven by China air brake valve Airbnb in the Spanish seaside city.In a bid to curb runaway rates, the city has forced thousands of short-let apartment owners without tourist licences to halt their businesses.Their rates are determined annually, jointly by property owners and tenants association.Other apartments are let by individual property owners, but only with the agreement of other owners in the building.In 2017, a government report found that one in four leases were obtained fraudulently.9 million inhabitants, six in 10 live in apartments owned by the city or by non-profit developers -- something that helps brake rent rises.That has forced low-income and even middle-class families to move, fuelling gentrification of the Big Apple, one of the worlds top 10 most expensive cities.The tightly regulated market has given rise to a black market where would-be tenants desperate to find an apartment either buy a lease with a cash top-up, or sublet without the necessary permission

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"ADAS have shown to provide real world benefits, but there really isn’t a great deal of commonality in terms of what’s out there.Aptiv expects to book more than USD 4 billion in new ADAS business this year."We’re not going to go against the data and create any type of false discounts for the purposes of marketing at this point.The sentiment was echoed by other insurance providers. Insurers are reluctant to trust car buyers to correctly identify what technology their vehicle has on board. We just want to make sure the rate is reflective of the risk that it brings,” said Steve Armstrong, a vice president of Allstate Corp’s pricing department, one of America’s largest insurers. It’s closer to USD 1,500 in repair costs nowadays,” said Richard Lavey, executive vice president at The Hanover Insurance Group."We’re stuck in a murky in-between,” said Jennifer St. The cost for advanced safety systems - automatic braking, lane keeping and automated cruise control - can be relatively low to the automaker, between USD 500 to USD 1,000 per vehicle, Clark said. General Motors Co has a team working on ADAS and insurance, according to Barry Engle, head of GM’s North American operations.Shantelle Thomas, also a vice president at Allstate’s pricing department, said insurance rates will reflect benefits and costs of modern auto technology in the next five years, but will not necessarily be presented as discounts..Data DesertWith new automated driving features being released on a rolling basis, insurers said it is difficult to keep up."If we say these cars are safer, insurers are more prone to believe us as we take part of the risk” as a reinsurer for consumer-facing auto policy writers, said Sebastiaan Bongers, Swiss Re’s head of products and technology.The global market for advanced driver assistance systems, known in the industry as ADAS, is expected to reach more than USD 67 billion by 2025, growing more than 10 percent each year.The insurance industry’s perspective is different.Automakers and insurers said they are dealing with the data issues. "To the extent that they are not, collectively we need to do a better job of communicating with one another,” he said.That data is not sufficiently provided by manufactures who often cite proprietary and competitive reasons, said Tom Karol, general counsel of the National Association of Mutual Insurance Companies, whose members insure more than 170 million US auto policyholders.State Farm in a statement said it did not offer discounts specific to advanced driver assistance systems and that future rates would be shaped by a variety of factors, including safety, regulation, underwriting, liability and repair costs."The (manufacturer) can price for it and consumers will pay for it,” he said.

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety concluded in a recent study that automatic braking could reduce front-to-rear crashes with injuries by 56 per cent.Automakers are accelerating the rollout of technology designed to avoid crashes, but insurance companies are waving a caution flag at consumers eyeing discounts for buying collision-avoiding brakes or automated cruise control. Research by AAA has shown repair costs for even minor collisions can double if such sensors are damaged.”Insurers pointed to higher repair costs as a risk."There’s no such thing as a USD 300 bumper anymore.According to Swiss Re AG, the world’s largest auto reinsurer, and mapping company HERE, ADAS has the potential to reduce motor accident frequencies by up to 25 per cent, cutting global insurance premiums for fully ADAS-equipped cars by USD 20 billion by 2020."The only way you can adequately price is by getting more data to understand what a vehicle has and whether it makes a difference,” said Matthew Avery, Thatcham’s research director. "We have gone from five customers just a few years ago to I think we’ll have north of 20 in a couple of years from now,” Clark said.Bongers believes reductions in accident frequency and severity will eventually offset higher repair costs.GEICO did not respond to requests for comment.Swiss Re so far has partnered with Germany’s BMW and is in talks with more auto manufacturers to develop a comprehensive system."Anybody that has been in a car with advanced safety solutions is not going to go back,” Kevin Clark, chief executive of auto technology supplier Aptiv PLC told Reuters.

Motor insurance is also seen as a way for insurance companies to cross-sell other, more lucrative products to customers.They cite car manufacturers’ reluctance to provide detailed information on models sold with those features, a lack of consistent standards, drivers’ unpredictable use of the systems and higher repair costs. But he said lower premiums could result in temporary liquidity problems in the insurance sector in about ten years.But US insurers said they currently do not have sufficient data to validate auto industry promises of safety benefits from automated driving systems.Government mandates to install technology such as collision avoiding automatic brake systems are driving the market, as is the promise of profits for these higher-margin vehicles. A group of 20 carmakers has pledged to outfit almost every new vehicle with forward collision warning and city-speed automatic emergency braking by 2020. Sensors and cameras central to automatic driving systems are mostly installed in a car’s bumper or windshield. John, national auto claims leader at Westfield Insurance.Swiss Re is leading efforts to develop a global ADAS risk score and a mechanism allowing carmakers to supply data to Swiss Re, which in turn will recommend discounts to auto insurers.Personal auto insurance, while traditionally a low-margin business, provides the largest amount of liquidity to insurers, generating more than USD 244 billion in 2018 direct premiums in the United States alone, data by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners showed.Engle said he expects with better information, the insurance industry would respond positively.But most ADAS features are still sold as optional equipment, making it impossible for insurance companies to validate which features ultimately end up on a specific car.Advanced safety features not only differ in performance and description among different manufacturers, but even among models by the same automaker, according to research by IIHS and its UK equivalent Thatcham Research, which conduct road tests to evaluate safety tech performance.Forward collision warning with automatic braking has been found to have one of the greatest supply clutch booster safety benefits among various driver assistance systems

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They found that itaconate - a molecule derived from glucose - acts as a powerful off-switch for macrophages, which are the cells in the immune system that lie at the heart of many inflammatory diseases."This functions as an important brake, or off-switch, on the macrophage, cooling the heat of inflammation in a process never before described," ONeill said.

This then blocks production of inflammatory factors, and also protects mice from the lethal inflammation that can occur during infection," Mills said.They are also China wholesale truck air dryer keen to explore whether the findings can be exploited in the effort to develop new anti-inflammatory medicines.London: Scientists have discovered a new metabolic process in the body that can switch off inflammation."It is well known that macrophages cause inflammation, but we have just found that they can be coaxed to make a biochemical called itaconate," said Luke ONeill from Trinity College, Dublin in Ireland.

The macrophage takes the nutrient glucose, whose day job it is to provide energy, and surprisingly turns it into itaconate," said Evanna Mills from Trinity College, Dublin.The discovery, published in the journal Nature, is very much on the frontier of inflammation research and the researchers are now exploring its relevance to the onset and development of inflammatory and infectious diseases.

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The Indian Railways will float global tender’s worth over Rs..In case of a train parting, the system is designed to indicate to the driver the parting of the train and to apply brakes to the rear unit, thus averting collision of the rear portion with the front portion of the train."We will invite financial bids for acquiring 1000 EoTT equipment in the first phase," said a senior Railway Ministry official involved with the project.If there is a break in the communication between the two units, the driver gets a signal that the train has parted, the official said.100 crore for acquiring sophisticated equipment to run 1000 trains without guards.The End of Train Telemetry (EoTT) equipment is used to establish communication between the locomotive driver and the last wagon of the train to ensure that the train is running with all coaches/wagons as a complete unit.The official said the EoTT equipment is used to establish communication between locomotive driver and the last vehicle of the train China brake booster Manufacturer to see that the train is running with all coaches/wagons as a complete train. All goods trains on the proposed dedicated freight corridors will run with EoTT system.

The equipment is designed to do the guards job by giving indication to the loco driver in case of parting of coaches or wagons from the rear side of the train.The transmitter and the last vehicle receive exchange signals at regular intervals to ensure that the train is running intact.Railways will acquire 1000 EoTT equipment to begin with for its container operations and later more such unit will be procured for all trains.There is a transmitter fitted on a locomotive and a receiver that is fitted on the end of the last vehicle. Each set of EoTT device is estimated to cost approximately Rs.EoTT system comprises two units one unit called cab display unit (CDU) fitted on the locomotive and the other is sense and brake unit (SBU) fitted on the last coach or wagon of the train

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